Third World Essay - 967 Words

Third World Most of the worlds population resides in - and the overwhelming percentage of that populations growth occurs in the incredible diversity of places we call the Third World. Third world includes Americas south of the United States; the whole of Africa; Asia apart from the Soviet Union, China and Japan; and the Oceanic Islands apart from Australia and New Zealand. Majority of these Third World countries is in complete poverty and due to that these countries face internal conflicts. The citizens of the Third World countries are facing many difficulties such as poverty uneven economic share in the world economy, and injustice. Hunger; lack of shelter, health care and the less advanced technology are major†¦show more content†¦The effect of the decline in living standards in the poor countries increases potential for political violence as an impact on the government. There have been over twenty violent protests in recent years (late 1980s) specifically against the austerity measures imposed by the IMF, with over 3,000 people killed in those protests. Political violence or in other words reactions to the government will continue in the future as long as the needs of the citizens are not met. For the time being these impacts are passed over lightly by the third world governments but it is hard to predict the long-term effects of this cover-up. There are a variety of Third World countries in the world. Some are ruled democratically and give hope that they will manage to better off soon enough, and the rest are authoritarian regimes. In fact the political instability may make it more difficult for democratic regimes to survive, especially in Latin America, and may be replaced by authoritarian regimes which would be a step taken backwards. Plus the liberal, market economy may loose its popularity and new regimes, rejecting free market, may replace it. However a second approach: Poverty breeds Poverty , could also be developed. In Third World countries people are born into extremely poor societies and grow up there. Becoming adults, they are usually destined to be poor for all through their lives. When adults, they struggle to earn money and try to get rid of their individual povertyShow MoreRelatedThe World Of The Third World2287 Words   |  10 PagesThe â€Å"Third World† as a political project emerged out of Cold War rhetoric. It referred to a group of non-aligned countries that claimed to operate separately from the influences of the great powers. The movement represented the emergence of the Third World as a â€Å"self-conscious political grouping.† Solidarity was predicated upon common economic structures that were distinctive from both the Eastern block planned economies and the Western free market system (Smith, n.d: 17). 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The main reason the Third World has taken on the concept of socialism is because of the history of feudalism and colonialism that these countries faced for so many years. Socialism was seen as a way to reform the land of many underdevelopedRead More Child Labor in the Third World Essay1195 Words   |  5 PagesChild Labor in the Third World The problem of child labor has become an ever-increasing concern among many nations. Many of the worst child labor offenses take place in Third World countries. Throughout these nations, children are being forced to work long hours in terrible conditions for little or no money. To fully understand child labor, one needs to address the reasons for supporting and opposing child labor, its effect on underdeveloped countries’ economies and the child laborers, and whatRead More Technological Development And The Third World Essay1574 Words   |  7 Pages Technological Development and the Third World TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT AND THE THIRD WORLD I wonder if people in Third World countries know that they are considered the quot;Third World?quot; Do they use that term in reference to themselves? Do they have any perception of the comparison, judgment and bias that goes into that statement? Id like to think that they dont. In the film about the Ladack people that we watched in class, it was mentioned that they didnt have a word for poverty.Read MoreDoes Third World Growth Hurt First World Prosperity?927 Words   |  4 PagesIn the article by Krugman â€Å"Does Third World Growth Hurt First World Prosperity?† we are given an account that goes contrary to popular belief. The article argues that economic development, which is taking place in Third World countries, is not a threat to the First World. Specifically, the article uses four models with examples to convey his argument against the popular belief of third world economic growth posing a threat and concludes with addressing what the real threat is. Let us now take aRead MoreChild Labor in Third World Countries Essay475 Words   |  2 Pageslittle chance to improve themselves. Adults and children under 16 years under 5 years Whole world 5000 million 2000 million 600 million Developing Countries 4000 million 1500 million 500 million Developed Countries 1200 million 277 million 86 million Ennew, Judith. 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Companies that are verticallyRead MoreThroughout the world millions of laborers and children in Third World Countries work in sweatshops.600 Words   |  3 PagesThroughout the world millions of laborers and children in Third World Countries wo rk in sweatshops. In these facilities workers are abused, underpaid, and cramped into unsanitary working conditions full of disease and death. Nonetheless, workers cannot abandon the sweatshops they work in, because they fear their families would starve. If fired they could easily be replaced by another readily worker; that is why workers dont oppose their employers injustices, because they fear becoming unemployedRead More Third World Country Essay893 Words   |  4 Pages A Third World Country is a term used for developing countries, and least developed countries. These countries are economically underdeveloped. Characteristics of a third world country are poverty, agriculture economy, disease, high birth and infant mortality rates, over-population, poor infrastructure, unstable governments, poor health care, environmental problems, non educated people, starvation, and death. Those characteristics are the first thing that comes to someone’s mind about a third world

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) - 910 Words

PTSD Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is described as â€Å"a psychiatric disorder that results from the experience or witnessing of traumatic or life-threatening events (â€Å"Evidence Based PTSD,† 2005). PTSD has come to light a great deal as of late because of the troops returning home from the two war fronts that United States are currently fighting on. Today’s soldiers return home with not just physical scars, but return home with severe emotional scars as well. It’s important while conducting research into such an issue like PTSD that it’s done in a fashion that does not upset or overly excite the patient in the study. Patients or people with PTSD can be very anxious, angry, on edge, and sometimes closed and not too personal. In order to understand how to run a study on such an illness, it is important that you understand what would be considered unethical and ultimately who can be harmed from the study. A study done by the National Institute of Health discusses in an article named â€Å"Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: Evidence Based Research Third Millennium† about the adverse effects of PTSD and the Veteran demographic who have been primarily affected by this medical issue (â€Å"Evidence Based PTSD,† 2005). The study/article goes on to explain other demographics of people that have been affected by PTSD like, products of child abuse, products of spousal abuse, products of car accidents or life threatening accidents. The unfortunate stigma of PTSD is that we as a society have onlyShow MoreRelatedPost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )990 Words   |  4 PagesPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder is a common anxiety disorder characterized by chronic physical arousal, recurrent unwanted thoughts and images of the traumatic event, and avoidance of things that can call the traumatic event into mind (Schacter, Gilbert, Wegner, Nock, 2014). About 7 percent of Americans suffer from PTSD. Family members of victims can also develop PTSD and it can occur in people of any age. The diagnosis for PTSD requires one or more symptoms to beRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1471 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER 1 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Student’s Name Course Title School Name April 12, 2017  Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental disorder that many people are facing every day, and it appears to become more prevalent. This disorder is mainly caused by going through or experiencing a traumatic event, and its risk of may be increased by issuesRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1401 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to the Mayo-Clinic Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, commonly known as PTSD is defined as â€Å"Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition that s triggered by a terrifying event — either experiencing it or witnessing it. Symptoms may include flashbacks, nightmares and severe anxiety, as well as uncontrollable thoughts about the event† (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2014). Post Traumatic Stress disorder can prevent one from living a normal, healthy life. 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One of the most prevalent disorders in our society but has only recently been acknowledged is Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Proper and professional diagnosis and definitions of PTSD was first introduced by the American Psychiatric Association(APA) in the third edition of the Diagnostic andRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd ) Essay1550 Words   |  7 PagesPost Traumatic Stress Disorder â€Å"PTSD is a disorder that develops in certain people who have experienced a shocking, traumatic, or dangerous event† (National Institute of Mental Health). Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) has always existed, PTSD was once considered a psychological condition of combat veterans who were â€Å"shocked† by and unable to face their experiences on the battlefield. 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The controversy is mainly founded around the relationship between post-traumatic stress (PTS) and politics. The author believes that a group level analysis will assist in understanding the contradictory positions in the debate of whether or not PTSD is a true disorder. The literature regarding this topicRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )944 Words   |  4 Pageswith Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD Stats). Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder is a mental disorder common found in veterans who came back from war. We can express our appreciation to our veterans by creating more support programs, help them go back to what they enjoy the most, and let them know we view them as a human not a disgrace. According to the National Care of PTSD, a government created program, published an article and provides the basic definition and common symptoms of PTSD. Post-traumaticRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1241 Words   |  5 Pages Stanley Health April 14, 2014 Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Post traumatic stressed disorder is a mental illness caused by an enormous amount of anxiety felt after a traumatic or life-threatening accident or event. This event causes intense feelings of fear and helplessness. Studies have shown that about 5 to 6 million people suffer from PTSD. (Thomas ) About 30% of those people are war veterans. Most war veterans who have served for our country who have PTSD from the war are homeless. About

Professional Communication Skills for Nurses- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theProfessional Communication Skills for Nurses for Healthcare. Answer: Introduction: There are many models, which has been used in healthcare for years. The nurses sometimes face many unlikable incidents. Refection is necessary to understand the positive and negative aspect of the same incident. There are many reflection models available, such as Atkins and Murphy reflective cycle, Gibbs reflective cycle, Rolfe reflective cycle, Johns reflective cycle and many more (Arnold and Boggs 2015). My personal favorite reflective cycle is Rolfe reflective cycle. I personally feel that Rolfe reflective cycle helps me to ensure that my team and me is continuously improving and learning. To understand the situation well enough, I started keeping log of all the incidents in a journal by doing simple entries according to the date. The journal entries comprise all my personal thoughts about issues, which catches my focus. I, personally revisit each and every entry of the journal later to further analyze the incidents and also for adding information to my researches (Bassot 2016). The original entries of my journal, represents the original description of that incident and my thoughts and feelings about that incident. When I revisit these entries, I further analyze the situation by making sense of the situation and think what could have been done and if I face the same situation in future, what should be my first response after learning from this experience. This can be done using the Rolfe analysis (Giltinane 2013, pp-35-39). 21st September 2017 As I work in the emergency department of a hospital for 8 years as a registered nurse, I have to train the new and inexperienced nurses as well. When I was an inexperienced nurse, at a hospital, I remember to have a great learning experience as me and the others have learnt the importance of teamwork during that time. I try to teach them to share each others experience to gain a vast knowledge base. Now I am training the new nurses and I think that they are more self centered than we ever was. I always try to teach them the importance of teamwork needed in our department during the training. To train them, I give them the needed space to learn things on their own. I also make them know that, I am always there if they need me. I thought by doing that they would know each others strength and weaknesses. Nevertheless, they try to use it for their own personal gain and fights with each other to increase their own grade. I am now one of the senior most nurses in our department as my senio rs and batch mates have moved on to another hospital. I had a very good rapport with them as we work as a team. Now as I work with the new teams all the time, I feel like I am missing my old teammates. When I started training the inexperienced nurse in this department, I knew that my job would be very challenging and inconsistent, as every new team would consist of the team members of different mindset. In every team there are some team members with dominating mindset and in the recent team I am training, also have a few of them. They try to dominate the others in the team, which disrupts the teamwork. As every day progress, I am becoming more frustrated. I feel that I need to improve my leadership quality. The frustration and anxiety in my mind is clouding my thoughts and I have been unable to think rationally. I am currently reading The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People by Stephen Covey to increase my competency as a leader and the educator (Covey 2012, 119-123). Coveys principle demonstrates that, if a person really wants to improve his or her leadership skills, he or she has to change or improve his or her principles and change the perspective to see the world. To be an effective nurse leader and educator I have to change my way of thinking and principles and live my life according to this principle. I have to employ these following habits from Coveys principle. Proactiveness: I should employ this habit in the way of my life, as I think that I am losing the control of my life. I thought if I represent myself as an example, the junior nurses would change their behavior according to it. Now I can see that my approach towards them is wrong, as they are not able to perceive that, as they are different from me. Put first things first: The second habit I have to apply in my life is to set out my priorities and think the level of my priorities to complete any task (Scott, and Lagendyk, 2012). To teach the nurses effectively I have to first divide the task for myself and would have to train them according to the priority I have set before. This should help me to be an effective leader and educator. Think of winning: I should follow this approach myself and have to push the team to follow the same. This approach is about cooperation and teamwork, which I am unable to teach my team members. I have to make the team members understand the importance of mutual benefit. In the nursing profession, only this approach could bring overall benefit for the whole team(Covey 2012, pp-119-123). Seek first to understand then to be understood: As the leader of the team, I expect my team members would understand me as a leader. However, I have to change my approach as now I think I have to understand their mindset to be understood by them (Covey 2012, pp-119-123). 26th September 2017 I came to the ward today with an approach of teaching the team members the importance of teamwork and collaboration. I divided the junior nurses into 4 groups each comprising 4 people who would work together for two whole weeks. I assigned each team a team leader and told them to report me the daily incidents. Some of the teams will also have to share some cases together. They have to conduct meeting amongst them once or twice daily to conduct the work smoothly. All of the 16 people have agreed with me about the ultimate goal, which is the improvement of the teamwork. All the teams have worked without any problems today. May be it is too soon to talk, but I think my approach would work this time. 27th September 2017: I am writing this journal by adopting the Rolfes model of reflection. I find this reflection model as the simplest model I can use to analyze and evaluate the situation. This model for reflection also helped me to understand my next step. What: Today was a busy day for our ward as today morning there was an incident of a bus accident locally. There were many severely injured patients in the ward today because of the accident and all four of the teams are working accordingly. This whole experience can be a great learning experience for all the junior nurses. I was attending a 75-year-old male patient who came to the emergency with chest pain. The doctor has given a ECG to understand the severity. I called one of the team and told two of them to go with the patient to the ECG room. I also instructed them to take the patient to the day-care bed after the ECG and then come back to their team at emergency. One of the team was handling one of the bus accident cases, a 16-year-old boy. The boy came to the hospital with fractured femur in both legs. The boy was complaining about severe pain in his back. The doctor has asked for a CT scan of his back and I instructed two of them to take the boy for the scan and asked the other two members to stay with me at the emergency. Meanwhile, one of the junior nurses who has taken the older patient to the ECG room came to me and told me that the patient has forgot that why he is at the hospital and what happened to him. I instantly checked the medical history of the patient to discover that the patient is suffering from early onset Alzheimers. The nurse reported that the patient is feeling very distressed at the ECG room. I readily went to the ECG room to check the patient. The patient was feeling clearly uncomfortable in the situation. I helped the patient to calm down and gave him a sedative tablet. The ECG was completed without any further difficulty and I instructed the other nurse to document the results. In the mean time, the leader of that team handling the case of the 16-year-old boy came and reported that the team members are not listening to her and she is unable to handle them. When I went there, I saw three of the team members are fighting amongst each other. I was clearly embarrassed by the situation, as the nurse manager was also present there. The nurse manager also asked me about the chaos and I was unable to answer her. The situation was clearly humiliating for me on such a busy and important day. I lost my control and started to tell them about the consequences of their inappropriate behavior. I told them, they work in the emergency ward, where many critical patients come for the immediate treatment. They are wasting their time as well as the patients time as there are many patients who need their care. They are working in a hospital, and their first duty is to provide the patient proper care according to their need. The reaction of the three nurses was stoic and they told me that they are feeling sorry for the whole incident and this type of incident will not happen again. I had a conversation with their team leader and told her to not to be disheartened by the situation. Then I went to the day-care room to check the patie nt who had ECG and saw the family members are present there. One of the student nurses was there with the patient. She was enthusiastically explaining the ECG report to the family members in the presence of the patient. The patient was clearly distressed and terrified after listening to her. Again, I calmed the patient down by talking to him soothingly. After that, I had a conversation with the nurse about the incident and told her that she should not behave this way in front of a patient who has Alzheimers and a heart condition. The patient was stressed about the condition and too much stress is not good for the patient. She should have discussed the condition with the family members separately about the reports. Analysis: While analyzing a situation, the first thing one have to understand is, why the situation have gone wrong and what sense can one make of the situation (Wong, Cummings, and Ducharme 2013 pp 709-724). While analyzing the first situation, I think that, these situations aroused due to the lack of interprofessional collaboration (Dignam 2012, pp-65-71). A successful interprofessional collaboration would happen if the students decide to exchange the professional ideas amongst themselves. An effective interprofessional relationship would influence the performance on both personal and organizational level. It is important for the junior nurses to understand the interprofessional learning. To learn it effectively, they have to learn the theories at first. The pathway of interpersonal relationship paves smoothly as the colleagues interacts daily with each other and understands the views with each other. According to Maxwell (2004), there are some factors like common interests, shared goals and visions, which can boost the relationship amongst them (Jain et al 2012, pp-1292-1295). The Social exchange theory by George Homans interprets that all interprofessional relationship is based on give and take policy (Maloney et al 2013, pp- 617-626). From all the research I have done on interpersonal relationship, I have to a framework which would help me to incorporate the attributes of interprofessional relationship amongst the junior nurses (Potter, 2015 pp-336-342). In my framework, I have to include those factors, which affects the interpersonal relationship amongst the coworkers. These factors include attributes like employee demographics, personality, interaction setting, openness, trust and risk of experiment (Blaney, 2012). To improve the interpersonal relationship, I thought I would organize sensitivity training. Along with the development of interprofessional relationship, comes interprofessional friction (Gould and Taylor 2017 pp-189-194). The different personalities of the individuals are the main cause of interpersonal friction. The three nurses were fighting with each other because of this clash of their personalities. Sensitivity training is one of the techniques, which can be attempted to resolve the friction (Yoder-Wise 2014 pp-120-222). From the second incident, it can be said that the nurse have to learn about controlling her emotion. This happened because of the lack of emotional intelligence. I think I need to arrange an intervention to lean self-control (Labby et al 2012). This will help them to manage their impulsive feeling. The intervention will help them to understand and imply how to stay composed and positive even in the hard moments (Nestel, and Bearman, 2015 pp-349-354). I also have to attend this intervention as well as I feel I also lack self-control and I am becoming more negative day by day. The focus of the intervention would be to learn self-awareness, self-regulation, self-motivation, social skill and social awareness (Bulman and Schutz 2013, pp-29-40). Improving the idea of social awareness will also help the nurses to improve their teamwork as well. By improving social awareness, a person would increase empathy, service orientation and accept the diversity among them. According to Mayar, 2004, t he most effective intervention is those interventions, which is focused on the ability to amplify the emotional abilities (Mannix, Wilkes, and Daly 2013, pp-10-21). The intervention should be conducted in the approach of group discussion. The candidates should interact actively (Epler et al., 2014, p-15). So what: Because of these two incidents, I can clearly interpret that the current level of teamwork and the understanding of the nurses are worse than I understood. The approach I am applying to reach the ultimate goal is wrong. The nurses of the same team are competing against each other instead of helping each other to have a shared learning experience. From the second incident, I can understand the junior nurse was overenthusiastic. Because of that, she forgot the primary quality a nurse should have, which is, the ability to interpret the condition of the patient. Jasper (2007) said in his Erudite series of Analyais, that, any professional practitioner should ensure to provide the best care to his or her clients or patients. To analyze the second situation, the junior nurse did not think about the condition of the patient and decided to show off her knowledge to the patient family. Furthermore, the principle of Non-Malificence, states that, a health practitioner must ensure that the patients will not be harmed by them. When I interacted with the nurse later this day, I reminded her about the vulnerability of the patient. I was already angry because of the previous situation. During both the situation, the first emotion I felt is frustration. I was frustrated because of the bad outcome of my approach. I am working in this hospital f or eight long years and I feel that the approach of the students about teamwork has changed. They are just concerned about achieving their personal goals. Now what: I feel that I have reacted a little bit loudly with the students. Shouting loudly with the students is not a solution. The students were sorry for the mistake they have done. I could have handled the situation calmly and could have arranged interventions according to their approach. It is completely my duty to make the students understand their wrongdoing. I should not have made them feel guilty. My work would be easier to educate them if they understand what they have done is wrong and are ready for not repeating the same. As per me, I understood that, I am questioning my leadership quality and getting frustrated if anything is going wrong. I could have handled the situation differently. 29th September 2017 Today, I tried to receive feedback about those incidents happened at the ward. It has turned out the other junior nurses are also unhappy about the incidents. The members of the other two teams have said, the environment of competition amongst themselves is the main cause of the incidents is the clash of personalities of them. The feedback has given me the required insight about the others perception (MacPhee et al 2012,pp-159-167). I also realized that, as a nurse educator and leader, I have to know their background such as where do they come from and what is their way of thinking. This will help me to plan all the interventions accordingly. I have to increase my interaction with them and also have to encourage them to increase the interaction level with one another. It will also make them understand that I am always available for them. My approach is accountable with the theory Covey (2008) gave, which is Seek first to understand then to be understood (Jenkins 2014 pp-1-24). To increase the interprofessionalism, one particular article (Interprofessionalism and shared decision-making in primary care: a stepwise approach towards a new model) has given me some insight towards a newer approach about a decision making model (Stallions, Murrill and Earp 2012 pp-123-128). The newer model is called IP-SDM model (Interprofessional Shared Decision Making model). This model has three new levels- the first level is the individual level, the second and third level are respectively the meso and micro healthcare level (Lgar et al 2011, pp-18-25). At the individual level, this approach encourages the nurses to sharpen their decision-making ability. The meso level encourages every team member to make an influence in the decision making process (Weiss and Tappen 2014, 65-89). The macro level takes into account the influence of the system factors (Bender 2016). Conclusion: The last step of Gibbs reflection model is the action plan. This step includes a vital question, which is- if the situation has happens again, what would be my action? To properly answer this question, I have to follow a roadmap to be an effective leader to all the student nurses. I have to be more proactive and have to learn to set my priorities. I have to change my approach towards the situation. To help the junior nurses, I have to provide them with some interventions which will help them o resolve the conflict amongst them and will make them to share an effective rapport to for the shared decision making approach. The positive note of the situation is that I have understood what my mistakes are. I am taking an initiative to learn from my mistakes and to bring the required changes in the system. Now, I feel more confident about myself and I have learnt that I have to let go of my anxiety and frustration. References: Arnold, E.C. and Boggs, K.U., 2015.Interpersonal Relationships-E-Book: Professional Communication Skills for Nurses. Elsevier Health Sciences. Bassot, B., 2016.The reflective journal. Palgrave Macmillan. Bender, M., 2016. Conceptualizing clinical nurse leader practice: An interpretive synthesis.Journal of nursing management,24(1). Blaney, P., 2012. Senior nursing leadershipcapacity building at the global level.International Nursing Review,59(1), pp.40-47. Bulman, C. and Schutz, S. eds., 2013.Reflective practice in nursing. John Wiley Sons. Pp-29-40 Covey, S.R. 2012., The Seven Habits of Highly Effective People.New York: Fireside personality dimensions: A replication among English adults. Journal of Genetic Psychology,162, pp.119-123. Dignam, D., Duffield, C., Stasa, H., Gray, J., Jackson, D. and Daly, J., 2012. Management and leadership in nursing: an Australian educational perspective.Journal of nursing management,20(1), pp.65-71. Epler D., C.M.A. and CFM, C., 2014. The habits of communication.Strategic Finance,96(3), p.15. Giltinane, C.L., 2013. Leadership styles and theories.Nursing Standard,27(41), pp.35-39. Gould, N. and Taylor, I., 2017.Reflective learning for social work: research, theory and practice. Routledge. Pp- 189-194 Jain, A., Luo, E., Yang, J., Purkiss, J. and White, C., 2012. Implementing a nurse-shadowing program for first-year medical students to improve interprofessional collaborations on health care teams.Academic Medicine,87(9), pp.1292-1295. Jenkins, S., 2014. John R. Wooden, Stephen R. Covey and Servant Leadership.International Journal of Sports Science Coaching,9(1), pp.1-24. Labby, S., Lunenburg, F.C. and Slate, J.R., 2012. Emotional Intelligence and Academic Success: A Conceptual Analysis for Educational Leaders.International Journal of educational leadership preparation,7(1), p.n1. Lgar, F., Stacey, D., Pouliot, S., Gauvin, F.P., Desroches, S., Kryworuchko, J., Dunn, S., Elwyn, G., Frosch, D., Gagnon, M.P. and Harrison, M.B., 2011. Interprofessionalism and shared decision-making in primary care: a stepwise approach towards a new model.Journal of interprofessional care,25(1), pp.18-25. MacPhee, M., Skelton?Green, J., Bouthillette, F. and Suryaprakash, N., 2012. An empowerment framework for nursing leadership development: supporting evidence.Journal of advanced nursing,68(1), pp.159-169. Maloney, S., Tai, J.H.M., Lo, K., Molloy, E. and Ilic, D., 2013. Honesty in critically reflective essays: an analysis of student practice.Advances in health sciences education,18(4), pp.617-626. Mannix, J., Wilkes, L. and Daly, J., 2013. Attributes of clinical leadership in contemporary nursing: an integrative review.Contemporary nurse,45(1), pp.10-21. Nestel, D. and Bearman, M., 2015. Theory and simulation-based education: Definitions, worldviews and applications.Clinical Simulation in Nursing,11(8), pp.349-354. Potter, C., 2015. Leadership development: an applied comparison of Gibbs Reflective Cycle and Scharmers Theory U.Industrial and Commercial Training,47(6), pp.336-342. Scott, C. and Lagendyk, L., 2012.Contexts and models in primary healthcare and their impact on interprofessional relationships. Ottawa: Canadian Health Services Research Foundation. Stallions, M., Murrill, L. and Earp, L., 2012. Don't quit now!: Crisis, reflection, growth, and renewal for early career teachers.Kappa Delta Pi Record,48(3), pp.123-128. Weiss, S.A. and Tappen, R.M., 2014.Essentials of nursing leadership and management. FA Davis. Pp- 65-89 Wong, C.A., Cummings, G.G. and Ducharme, L., 2013. The relationship between nursing leadership and patient outcomes: a systematic review update.Journal of nursing management,21(5), pp.709-724. Yoder-Wise, P.S., 2014.Leading and Managing in Nursing-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences. Pp. 120-222

Pulling The Plug On Mother Earth Essays - Ozone Layer,

Pulling The Plug On Mother Earth Whether it be through intensified media attention, or due to the efforts of prominent scientists and other members of society, we have become increasingly aware of the detrimental effects that technological advances in industry and agriculture have on the global environment. However, as Carl Sagan points out in "Pulling the Plug on Mother Earth" awareness is not enough, nor is society's response to the catastrophic implications of environmental pollution rapid enough. Slowness to implement sound strategies are in part due to the fact that the threats we face are nebulous, since they come in the form of particles of invisible gases and radioactivity, and in part because response to pollution appears to be so costly at individual, governmental and corporate levels. It appears that great material loss, as well as visual manifestation, have been the only ways to galvanize action towards altering and limiting technologies so that adverse chemicals and substances are no longer belched into the environment. For example, Sagan is right on the mark when he indicates that it took the reality that CFCs were destroying the sensitive but protective ozone layer to encourage large chemical companies to begin a gradual phase-out of these substances, even when scientists had already discovered the terrible effects of the chemical combination. Sagan says that to slowly stop usage of such obviously dangerous substances is not enough, for even with current conditions, it is estimated that the damaged ozone layer will require at least 100 years to repair itself. In the interim, we are risking danger to the food chain, global warming, and increased cases of skin cancer. Rather than risk these catastrophes, Sagan calls for the immediate phase-out of CFCs, as well as to improve energy usage, plant trees, and curb the population explosion as supplemental methods to improve the environment. While the cause and effect relationship between technological advances and pollution have certainly influenced public outcry towards change, and influenced corporations to alter their poisoning mechanisms, the immediate change that Sagan calls for will necessarily meet with resistance. Sagan's own"revelation" about mankind's reticence to act unless literally "under the gun" remains a valid point. Destruction of the ozone layer and incidents such as the Exxon oil spill in Alaska are indeed enormous calamities, and we have been cautioned by at least one reputable scientist as to the risks we take by delaying reform, but these events are still not great enough to spawn greater action than handling the immediate situation. It is one thing to agree that car travel pollutes the environment, and to see dense smog in the Los Angeles Basin, but millions will still get in their vehicles tomorrow to drive their jobs. Current technologies available have been incorporated into lifestyle at a very practical level. The large cogs of public and private interests also turn slowly due to this infrastructure of product usage which has become so firmly entrenched. Decisions that were made decades ago, such as automobile transit phasing out train transit, and the manufacture of energy through the building of nuclear plants, effect and influence us right now at very fundamental levels. Just as the ozone layer will take decades to repair itself, society and public acceptance requires time to shift and modify as well, as Sagan does well to point out. The challenge to orchestrate the changes necessary for environmental improvement are further complicated in at least two ways. First, there are conflicting viewpoints as to the role government plays to influence private industry to replace technologically damaging processes with more ecologically sound technologies. Second, to phase out current technologies is a burden many corporations are unwilling to take on; implementation of new technologies adversely affects profit margins. Third, governmental failures in policy, according to Morgensen and Eisenstodt in "Profits are for Rape and Pillage," create a situation where corporations have no incentive to move towards pollution control. Implementation of governmental governmental policies and programs designed to improve the environment fail because there is no incentive for legislators to determine the costs and benefits of their legislation, as there is a lack of appropriate experience in the matter. Legislators focus only on the appearance of implementing solutions for the popular vote, then allow their decisions to be clouded by lobbyists and political maneuverings. The resulting regulatory standards and technological mandates inappropriately micromanage the private sector, limiting their creativity to allocate resources to improve and change. Improving the environment is seen as conflicting with growth in business, and it becomes more of a risk than an opportunity. For example, new regulatory standards have